The Black Canyon of the Gunnison's unique and spectacular landscape was formed slowly by the action of water and rock scouring down through hard Proterozoic crystalline rock.No other canyon in North America combines the narrow opening, sheer walls, and startling depths offered by the Black Canyon of the Gunnison. The Gunnison River within the Black Canyon drops an average of 95 feet per mile (18 meters per kilometer), one of the greatest rates of fall for a river in North America.
The canyon offers opportunities for spectacular drive-up viewing, short walks to many canyon overlooks, hiking trails and routes, wildlife viewing, birding, camping, picnicking, photography, fishing (physically demanding access), bouldering, inner-canyon hiking and climbing.
Inner Canyon
As in any wilderness experience, you should be prepared to adapt to the conditions found there. This is an on-your-own experience. There are no maintained or marked trails into the inner canyon. Routes are difficult to follow. Hikers are expected to find their own way and to be prepared for self-rescue.
While descending, study the route behind, as this will make it easier on the way up when confronted with a choice of routes and drainages. The hike into the canyon and back up is very strenuous. Bring high energy foods and at least 4 quarts of water per person.
A sports drink is recommended. River water must be treated but remember that wading in the cold water (40F) is hazardous. At levels above 450-500 cubic feet per second the combination of high, swift water and cold temperatures increases the danger. Also be aware that poison ivy grows in the drainages and along the river.
North Rim
Animal and bird life abound on the North Rim. Some commonly seen animals include deer, coyote, porcupine, yellow-bellied marmot, chipmunk, and squirrel. Occasional sightings are also made of badger, bobcat, and black bear. Bird watchers should keep an eye out for such species as red-tailed hawk, white-throated swift and violet green swallow, Clark's nutcracker, raven, western tanager and falcon (prairie and peregrine).
Rock climbing on the sheer, vertical walls of the North Rim is a popular activity with advanced and expert level climbers. Remember this when you get the urge to throw a rock over the edge. You can bike on the North Rim Road but not on the trails. Pets on a leash are welcome everywhere except for the North Vista Trail.
Hikers should be aware that limited cattle grazing is permitted on the North Rim. Please keep cattle gates closed should you encounter them. Horseback riding is permitted only on North Rim Drive and Deadhorse Trail. Hikers should give riders the right of way by stepping off the trail and avoiding sudden movements or noise.
South Rim
From the rim of the Vernal Mesa, enjoy sweeping panoramic views of the San Juan Mountain Range, Uncompahgre Valley, and Bostwick Park to the south. To the north, look for the West Elk Mountains, Painted Wall, Gunnison River, and Black Canyon.
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